Critical Thinker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinker - Essay Example alizing, synthesizing, analyzing, and evaluating the respective information generated from observation, experience, reasoning, reflection, and communication as a guide to belief and action (Ashraf, 300). Imam Ali is well thought-out as a religious critical thinker because all these aspects of critical thinking were shown in his life. His decision making as well as his actions were established on pillars of reason. This is evident by writings in the Quran, how he shied away from politics and his way of life on the basis of a strong religious background. As a critical thinker, Imam Ali’s personality stood out and thus influenced many people. In his life, we see that prophet Muhammad had elected him as his rightful successor. When the prophet died and another caliph was elected, he accepted him since the chosen ones by Allah’s people are chosen by Allah himself. Although he still believed that he was the rightful successor of Muhammad, he was prompted to pledge alliance to caliph ABU Bakr since there was a growing division among the Muslim people concerning the rightful successor of Muhammad. He said that his delay in pledging allegiance based on his belief prior to his title. In this context, he is a critical thinker since he chose to pledge allegiance to the caliph and his successor though he still believed he was the rightful successor to Muhammad. As a critical thinker, he did this in order to maintain unity among the Muslim people during the divide when Muslims were turning away from him. This is because he avoids emotional reasoning and acts in a manner that will help the nation to unite. Ali believed and respected Muhammad to be the prophet of God. He accepted Prophet Muhammad’s decision to give him his daughter for marriage since the Prophet claimed to be following orders by god on the issues. He also carries out the work of writing the Quran although he no longer participated in politics or war. He did this because Muhammad had chosen him as one of

Blood Brothers Essay Example for Free

Blood Brothers Essay It feels like he is this omnipotent being and he is deciding the fate of all the children. Its almost as if he is the emotion that everyone wants to avoid but no one is doing anything about it, Mrs Johnstone carries on in her life pretending that she isnt superstitious and although there is this undying voice inside her saying that she is and one day Mickey and Edward are going to die. This voice is what the Narrator is, he is fate and Mrs Johnstone chooses to ignore it but she knows you cant change fate. On the stage he is always there, he is omnipresent, this constant being there shows that the thoughts of Mrs Johnstone are still there and that nothing you do will undo the past. Mrs Johnstone has to live with the decision of what she has done but she chooses to ignore it. The Narrator can be viewed upon as the referee of life (or as you might God), you know the rules and now you have to follow the rules (the superstition) but Mrs Johnstone turns a blind eye, forgets about it and pretends that it will never happen, but she must follow the rules. Prejudice Prejudice is a fixed opinion, which is not based on a fair examination of the facts. The picture with the black and white boy and the so-called magical stick (simply because we dont know what it is) is a base of which many different scenes can be produced and discussions can take place. The children come across as innocent, possibly that they have no reason to be prejudice against each other but through past happenings (lynching in America and the KKK) their parents want them to be prejudice to supposable keep them from harm. It shows that possibly prejudice to this degree is only set in motion if something terrible happens by a specific type of people (the KKK killing black people) and that when it comes down to it the people themselves are not the same as the people who have done this feat. Suppose that everyone in the world was white and everyone was the same religion, height, age etc. but despite this the KKK would exist and the lynching would still go on; people would find another way to view differences, where you live or even your surname. My point is that I think its human nature to take a dislike against different people, if you look back hundreds of years and people lived in remote places (tribes for example) and a tribe moved to join another tribe, because the new tribe is different it presents its self with a new variable, that it could jeopardise the well-being of the original tribe. So this original tribe will try and eliminate this variable (driving them away or even killing them) to stop it from harming their own tribe. You can translate this to the black people moving into America and the white people living there trying to protect them by getting rid of any new possible threat. Mickey and Edwards first meeting and an evaluation of two groups Francis (me), Jamie and Barry   There was a nice mime of the gun from me as I sat on the apron of the stage. It was good because the gun I made in my hands by pointing one of my fingers out and it looked as though it was a gun because it took the form of a gun well. We did some good work even though we had only one lesson to get it done in. It was good work because we learnt most of our words and got the blocking sorted. The giggling after the F word was good because it was very childish because I and Jamie looked as if we were embarrassed.   My body language was good, my arms movements were exaggerated and typical of a seven year old because that is how the act with their arms.   Even though Jamie lost his place in the play, he didnt come out of character and got back on tracks very quickly. Very good facial and body language from all of use and especially me, me and Jamies facial expressions matched seven year olds expressions and Barrys face showed that he was pissed off and he acted as though he was the boss by talking louder and demanding respect.We could of have improved by thoroughly learning the script and concentrating more on our actions. James and Richard   Both of them learnt the script and did not lose their place or forget their words. They didnt fully use their hand movement so they couldnt act exactly as a seven year old would because people at that age use their hands.   When they said the F word they looked as though they were very excited and embarrassed. They looked like this because they acted as young people would when they heard a naughty word; they did this by having wide eyes and giggling immensely.   When James said pissed off it was well done because it sounded as though he really was pissed off. Only on one incident did James forget his words, but nether the less he still kept in character and sorted it out by referring to the script. What I have learnt about the class differences between the twins I have learnt that Edwards class is most probably upper class; either this or they are very rich middle class people. I have learnt that Mrs and Mr Lyons have a highly etiquette way of living, for example they do not allow swearing of any form whereas with Mrs Johnstones way of living swearing occurs frequently. Mickeys class is probably lower class, which is they do not have a large amount of money or income. She has many children and works very hard for Mrs Lyons but still does not get a large income. I have learnt that its most likely that Mrs Johnstones family expresses their emotions more often than Mrs Lyons family; this could be because Mrs Johnstone does not have as much material possessions compared with Mrs Lyons so she spends more time in her free time with her kids. On the contrast Mrs Lyons has many material possessions so she doesnt spend that much time with Edward because hes playing with his toys (for example). The changing attitudes between Mickey and Edward Through the play the twins attitude changes in aspects of their lives, for example them being blood brothers forever and the relationship between each other. When they were both seven years old they took delight in knowing that they were born on the same day, furthermore they made each other their blood brother. They were both immensely thrilled by this new bond they made and longed to be like each other. However when they grew older their views on being a blood brother changed, especially for Mickey who grows up and realises that he previous action of becoming a blood brother is childs play. He says that while no one was looking I grew up, and I think that because of his harsh life with not much money he stops believing in the childish act and starts realizing that he has to open his eyes and stop playing games. However with Edward he hasnt got a single worry in his life because he has lots of money a good social life and really not many initial problems at all; so because of this he still believes in this blood brother stuff because he hasnt grown up and found out what the world was really like. He still lives in a pampered world where anything he wants (and because he is an only child he is spoilt) he gets, he can afford to play games and Mickey cant. Edward doesnt realize no important a job is, why why is a job so important because he can live off his parent income if he wants to, but Mickey knows that without a job hell have no money and because he mum cant afford extra school he cant get the grades to get a good job. Mickeys attitude towards life changes the most, when he was seven he saw everything as a game and didnt have any real problem to worry about. Although as he grows up he realises that he needs money and a steady income and him being a blood brother with Edward is just a childrens game. On the other hand Edward has gone to university, he can use his parents money to give him anything he wants and he hasnt yet realised what life is really like when your throw in the deep end without any support, so because of this his attitude of being a blood brother hasnt changed dramatically. How we acted these changes out We acted out the first time Mickey and Edwards first meeting, this showed that they are immensely fascinated with each other and wanted to be just like each other, furthermore on top of this they are born on the same day and become blood brothers. To show further how this friendship was good I wrote a monologue showing how Edward was dumfounded with Mickeys knowledge and who he is and that he wants to play and be friends and blood brothers forever. Later on in the play where the most time and the most dramatic difference was noticeable where they had spent the most time away form each other was when Edward got back to Mickey from university. We acted this out in a workshop and showed that Mickey was extremely livid by his job and Edwards fortune. Edward had friends he had money and he had just come back from university and he had a great time, whereas Mickey was just working for minimal pay putting together cardboard boxes. When we see Edward and Mickey meet for the first time Mickey expresses that he hasnt grown up and he makes him sick. Mickey has put up with so much when Edward was at university and his nerves were stretched to breaking point and as soon as the person who is most like him in the world comes home and sees that he is doing very well, he snaps mentally. I think that this is why he is forced into taking drugs. We acted this difference out by showing that Mickey was very angry and livid by the thought of Edward and that he saw him self as a failure, no job and even when he had one it was a very poor job, and Edward doing extremely well makes him feel even worse. The workshop During the workshop I learnt that gesture and hand movements are very important to express emotions and that it isnt all through the voice. I learnt that you can use swear words, gesture and actions which provoke something in the audience but only once or twice because after a couple of times it doesnt have the same effect that it has the first time. I learnt to know that when your on the stage its your stage no one elses so you do not have to rush what you are saying because you are the one on stage and nobody is their to take it away; space between what you are saying. Also that when Mickey is angry and listing all the things that he is angry about I know that it is a good idea to rise in anger as you progress, because Mickey thinks of one thing which makes him angry then he says another and he knows that there are many things that he is angry about; so it topples on top of all the things he is angry or upset about in one frame of mind. In the workshop I learnt that you must always try your best if you want to become an actor (or any other profession) and that if you have an ambition, you should pursue it fully. The best performance When the people in our group performed I thought that Ned performed well; although there is only one criticism I can offer. His charisma on the stage is very good; he projects his voice and shows very well what the character is feeling. When he was playing Mickey and expressing how Mickey felt about his life he did it in such a way that you felt very sympathetic towards him; me must have emphasised a lot to understand what he feeling. The only criticism I can make is that when he acts as though he is upset or angry he tends to do it all the same. His acting at expressing those emotions are very good but he tends to do the same acting for different characters. I just feel that not everybody is angry or upset in the same way, there are many different ways of being angry so I think he should a larger variety of different ways of expressing different emotions.

Speak Essays -- essays research papers

Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson, is first-person narrative about overcoming our habits and misfortunes. It takes place at Merryweather High over the course of a year. The main character, Melinda, is a fourteen year-old, who is just starting high school. She is introduced, at first, as someone who doesn’t speak to anyone, almost, at all. All the other people in the high school seem to detest her. They say hateful things to her and throw objects at her. She seems not bothered by any of this. She is in her own being.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the story progresses clues to why people hate her so much are revealed. There is mentioning of a party that Melinda, some how, ruined. People say that they or someone they knew got in trouble at the party. Melinda wants to forget that party. She blocks it out of her head. At every mention of that night Melinda cringes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Melinda doesn’t like school. She hates the people and despises the classes. All of the classes except art. She loves her art class. Their assignment for the year is to create a piece of art, depicting a given image, that makes a statement. Melinda’s object is a tree. She has trouble with the tree.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Melinda starts school off in a bad way. She continuously gets in trouble with numerous teachers. She never does any homework. She mostly takes naps. Worst of all, in her mind, she has no friends. This does not change until she meets Heather, the new girl. Heather is...

Challenges of Employing Business Ethics and Values Essays -- Integrity

Justify the Value's Position in the List. Include any challenges to employing these values consistently when making personal and organizational decisions. Integrity I have experienced the benefit of having integrity at my workplace. I was given the task of training a difficult new employee and reporting back to management with daily assessments. My manager trusted that I would keep all of our meetings and correspondence confidential. She also expected that I would be honest in my assessments of the employee's progress and she relied on me to provide adequate training. Even though we had huge personality differences and different work styles, I treated her like any new trainee. By acting with integrity, I gained the respect and confidence from management which resulted in a promotion. I placed integrity at the top of my list because I believe that acting with integrity is a fundamental value in any ethical decision. To me, integrity means holding myself to a high set of moral values and standards. I could have treated our new hire badly or unfairly, or talked to my team members about her progress, but that would mean stooping below my beliefs. Acting with integrity isn't easy. It means adhering to a high set of values, even if my friends are doing something wrong. It means looking at a situation objectively and making a conscious decision everyday to hold myself to that higher standard. Accountability I have seen accountability play an important role in the work place. My mentor taught me to take responsibility for my mistakes and to not point fingers. One of her accounts had a mistake on their pricing and we over-charged them $50,000. It came down to an oversight that she had made. Instead of pointing fingers ... ...dition, the members of our department rallied together to support her. As a department we raised over $400 to donate to a charity in her brother's name. I have chosen compassion as my fifth value because I believe compassion develops relationships with people and shows concern for the well being of others. This value is the last on my list because I believe that the other values play a larger part in ethical decisions, although compassion is no less important. Having compassion for others demonstrates an investment in the relationship and that decisions aren't based entirely on the business aspect, but also on the welfare of others. Compassion can be difficult and exhausting. When a decision influences the lives of many, it can be hard to think about the feelings of those impacted. Without compassion, a decision may be more black and white and easier to make.

Evading Loneliness Essay

In A Streetcar Named Desire, the author Tennessee Williams chooses to depict the downfall of Blanche through her desire to evade loneliness. Throughout the text, Blanche faces loneliness, yet she cannot fill her desire. After the loss of her family estate referred to as, Belle Reve, is officially rendered without family. Having lost her wealth and all her family, she develops the inability to be honest with anyone interested in her. Blanches true desire to evade loneliness causes her downfall. The story develops when Blanche loses Belle Reve. She had been living there with her young husband, Allan. Her desire to evade loneliness develops when her husband commits suicide. In scene 9 Blanche is talking to Mitch when she suddenly reminisces about the tragic night. She says, â€Å"’The ‘’’Varsouviana’†! The polka tune they were playing when Allan—Wait! [A distant revolver shout is heard. Blanche is relieved.] There now the shot! It always tops after that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Norton 1853). Blanche is obviously still tenderhearted about the loss and the relief that it stopped allows readers to see that she wants Mitch to be her barrier from loneliness. If they were to marry Blanche would not fear being alone. Along with Allan, Blanche suffers the loss of multiple family members. To deal with her losses, as well as, gain company she leaves Belle Reve for New Orleans to stay with her sister, Stella. Blanche’s desire to evade loneliness is clearly shown when she is given directions to her sister’s townhome, â€Å"†¦take a street—car named Desire, and then transfer to one named Cemeteries†¦.† (Norton1805.) Williams offers the reader a chance to foreshadow that her desire will lead to her downfall. Blanche is very quick, when she sees her sister, to ask,† What are you doing in a place like this?† (Norton 1808), with a patronizing tone that does not fit the situation considering she is planning to stay with Stella. Clearly indentifying Blanche’s reasoning behind her visit is for the company of her sister. Furthermore, with the inability to be truthful Blanche rejects any hopes of filling her desire. Clearly stated by Mitch,† Lies, lies, inside and out, all lies.† (Norton 1855), this showing that the man that was on the verge of her rescue was pushed by lies. Death is the opposite of desire to sum up Blanche DuBois. Downfall is brought upon herself when she losses the family estate and she chooses to lie about herself to others. Tennessee Williams craftily depicts Blanche’s downfall through her desire to evade loneliness. Work Cited Williams, Tennessee A Streetcar Named Desire. The Norton Introduction to Literature. ED Booth and Mays 10th edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2010. Print.

Legalization of Marijuana

Legalization of Marijuana Free Online Research Papers Though some people may abuse the drug, marijuana should be legalized because of the benefits the drug offers to many others. There are medical benefits to marijuana use such as for cancer patients, people infected with AIDS, multiple sclerosis, and epileptics. The physical effects of marijuana use are relatively harmless. The government could make a significant profit by taxing marijuana if the drug was legalized and possibly diminish the drug dealers business. By decriminalizing the drug, the government would also save money because the United States spends millions of dollars to enforce marijuana laws. Marijuana has been around for thousands of years. The drug has been known to treat ailments since 3000 B.C. such as constipation, whooping cough, rheumatic pains, malaria, and absent-mindedness, to induce sleep and to lower fevers. The drug was introduced to the United States in the early 1920’s by Mexican immigrants. Today, medical marijuana is used for glaucoma, multiple sclerosis and used to help those with AIDS and individuals who are undergoing chemotherapy.† 78 % of cancer patients claim smoking marijuana –unlike any other drugshelped stop the nausea which is accompanied by chemotherapy†. (Stiefel, C. Marijuana on the ballot February 21, 1997) The cannabis plant helps to encourage their appetite despite the queasiness that comes with these therapies. Condition Cancer Chemotherapy Vomiting and nausea AIDS-related wasting Stimulates appetite Multiple sclerosis/ Epilepsy Reduces muscle spasms Glaucoma Reduces fluid pressure build up Patients with glaucoma, an eye disease, say marijuana has prevented them from going blind by reducing fluid pressure in their eyes. Some people say marijuana prevents epileptic seizures; reduces migraine headache pain; and alleviates the muscular tremors and paralysis of multiple sclerosis. (Stiefel, C. Marijuana on the ballot February 21, 1997) Doctors presently prescribe drugs that are known to be highly addictive and potentially harmful such as Morphine, OxyContin, Vicodin, Percocet and some anti-depressants. Medical marijuana is one of the most broadly supported issues in the drug policy reform. In 1976, the U.S. federal government created the Investigational New Drug (IND) compassionate access program and granted the first of 12 patients the right to use medical marijuana as part of a clinical research program. The first state to legalize marijuana for medical use in 1978 was New Mexico. The federal government later approved synthetic THC (Marinol) as prescription medication in 1985. During 1989-1991 individuals with severe illnesses (several with AIDS) flood the United States government with requests to be apart the medical marijuana program. A 1990 survey concluded that 44 % of cancer doctors recommended marijuana to at least one of their patients. However, the program ended in 1992 due to being inundated by applicants; currently there are only seven patients, who can legally use marijuana through the federal program, (Stiefel, C. Marijuana on the ballot February 21, 1997). Whi le the majority of states in the U.S. oppose, there are 11 states that have legally recognized medical marijuana use for their citizens, including: Alaska, Hawaii, California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Montana, Colorado, Vermont, Maine and Rhode Island. Marijuana was first used as a pleasure-inducing drug in the United States in 1900. Marijuana continues to be the most common illegal drug in the United States; the drug has been illegal to sell, grow, or have in possession since 1937. Unlike legal drugs like tobacco and alcohol, marijuana contains an ingredient that produces euphoria. In passing the Controlled Substances Act, the United States Congress classified marijuana a high potential for abuse in 1970. However, marijuana use did not decline. Recreational marijuana use continued to spread and became one of the most prevalent drugs in the America, only second to alcohol. Marijuana is easily accessible in the streets and known as reefer, bud, weed, grass, pot, and maryjane. In the last fifteen years, the number of teens who anticipate trying marijuana has doubled. On 1995, 20 %of 8th graders, 34% of 10th graders and 42 % of 12th graders said they had smoked marijua na. It is understood that we do not want our children to abuse this â€Å"therapeutic† drug, so we, as the adults should enforce the situation the same way we address alcohol and tobacco products. Many American citizens are concerned that marijuana will be abused if legalized. It is speculated that marijuana may be a gateway drug to other drugs. There has never been substantial evidence of anyone overdosing or dying from use of the drug. Some marijuana users consume the drug to relieve stress or tension. Though the physical effects of marijuana use are moderately harmless, some individuals argue smoking marijuana is likely to generate more health problems than one already has. The cannabis plant is classified a psychoactive drug but has not been proven to be a lethal drug. Marijuana use has been linked to distorted perception (sights, sounds, time, and touch), memory loss, loss of coordination, trouble with concentration, increased heart rate, reduced blood pressure and some say marijuana smoke contains more cancer-causing chemicals than cigarette smoke. Some studies show that THC may even damage the immune cells that help fight diseases. While there are various side effe cts to marijuana, consider the alternative with other â€Å"therapeutic† drugs such as alcohol or tobacco users. Alcohol has been linked to numerous violent crimes, while marijuana users are usually more tranquil. There are some adverse results that are very significant; however, there are adverse results to just about everything in today’s society. The Marijuana Policy Project is a nationwide organization that works to decriminalize marijuana. The organization is the largest marijuana policy reform in the United States. The Marijuana Policy Project deems that the greatest damage correlated with marijuana is imprisonment. The projects’ main emphasis is to remove the criminal penalties for marijuana use, with a particular prominence on making marijuana medically available to terminally ill people who have the approval of their doctors. Legalizing marijuana could save the U.S. government money and generate money as well. Prohibition of marijuana is extremely costly to our country. The government spends an estimated $7.7 billion per year in government expenditure on enforcement of prohibition because an extensive amount of resources are required to apprehend those individuals who buy or sell illegal drugs, prosecuting them in court, and housing them in jail. A marijuana user is arrested approximately every 36 seconds. John Walters, the White House drug czar has a yearly advertising budget of $60 million, which he uses for the most part to run anti-marijuana advertisement campaigns. Decriminalizing marijuana would save the American taxpayers a tremendous amount of money, to the tune of a projected $44 billion every fiscal year. Miron, Jeffrey A. Costs of Marijuana Prohibition: Economic Analysis Table 2: Expenditures Attributable to Marijuana Prohibition ($ in millions) (2003) Police Budget Judicial Budget Corrections Budget Total State Total: MJ Prohib: Total MJ Prohib: Total MJ Prohib. Total MJ Prohib. Alabama 656 18.28 262 28.56 404 4.04 1,322 51 Alaska 177 3.61 130 14.17 175 1.75 482 20 Arizona 1096 33.79 611 66.60 955 9.55 2,662 110 Arkansas 351 6.99 156 17.00 328 3.28 835 27 California 8703 227.97 6255 681.80 7170 71.70 22,128 981 Colorado 830 19.48 329 35.86 820 8.20 1,979 64 Connecticut 682 19.25 430 46.87 554 5.54 1,666 72 Delaware 166 4.82 90 9.81 228 2.28 484 17 Florida 3738 103.19 1396 152.16 3272 32.72 8,406 288 Georgia 1279 48.38 525 57.23 1375 13.75 3,179 119 Hawaii 222 2.49 180 19.62 153 1.53 555 24 Idaho 207 4.61 102 11.12 191 1.91 500 18 Illinois 3053 84.28 961 104.75 1763 17.63 5,777 207 Indiana 843 28.25 325 35.43 727 7.27 1,895 71 Iowa 426 13.44 253 27.58 298 2.98 977 44 Kansas 430 12.26 206 22.45 349 3.49 985 38 Kentucky 488 19.78 290 31.61 610 6.10 1,388 57 Louisiana 829 27.89 359 39.13 780 7.80 1,968 75 Maine 164 6.31 69 7.52 123 1.23 356 15 Maryland 1120 39.68 489 53.30 1104 11.04 2,713 104 Massachusetts 1479 53.98 628 68.45 795 7.95 2,902 130 Michigan 1792 40.62 905 98.65 1853 18.53 4,550 158 Minnesotta 874 37.18 442 48.18 591 5.91 1,907 91 Mississippi 404 12.03 154 16.79 292 2.92 850 32 Missouri 886 21.79 359 39.13 627 6.27 1,872 67 Montana 136 1.02 66 7.19 125 1.25 327 9 Nebraska 235 8.98 96 10.46 231 2.31 562 22 Nevada 539 10.32 248 27.03 471 4.71 1,258 42 New Hampshire 187 8.84 92 10.03 115 1.15 394 20 New Jersey 2231 78.52 948 103.33 1480 14.80 4,659 197 New Mexico 382 6.12 167 18.20 315 3.15 864 27.47 New York 5717 274.42 2262 246.56 4392 43.92 12,371 564.90 North Carolina 1318 33.03 470 51.23 1159 11.59 2,947 95.85 North Dakota 68 1.43 55 6.00 40 0.40 163 7.82 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  00 40 0.40 163 7.82  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  end_of_the_skype_highlighting Ohio 2124 58.03 1158 126.22 1937 19.37 5,219 203.63 Oklahoma 518 21.53 193 21.04 511 5.11 1,222 47.68 Oregon 696 15.23 356 38.80 747 7.47 1,799 61.50 Pennsylvania 2220 59.82 1067 116.30 2221 22.21 5,508 198.33 Rhode Island 211 8.23 105 11.45 139 1.39 455 21.06 South Carolina 653 28.79 179 19.51 559 5.59 1,391 53.89 South Dakota 88 2.91 40 4.36 81 0.81 209 8.08 Tennessee 940 36.47 399 43.49 604 6.04 1,943 86.00 Texas 3204 88.47 1355 147.70 3755 37.55 8,314 273.71 Utah 381 7.30 202 22.02 351 3.51 934 32.83 Vermont 78 1.69 39 4.25 66 0.66 183 6.60 Virginia 1176 31.08 513 55.92 1246 12.46 2,935 99.46 Washington 1007 26.66 470 51.23 1053 10.53 2,530 88.42 West Virginia 171 5.17 108 11.77 184 1.84 463 18.79 Wisconsin 1124 0.13 440 47.96 1030 10.30 2,594 58.39 Wyoming 99 2.83 50 5.45 98 0.98 247 9.26 56,398 1,707.41 26,984 2941.26 48447 484.47 131,829 5,133 Arrest Data: http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/collections/stats/crime/ Judicial Percent: Pastore and Maguire (2003), Table 5.42, p.444 Budget Data: census.gov/govs/www/state00.html Incarceration Percent: Pastore and Maguire (2003), Table 6.30, p.499 Taxing marijuana like alcohol or tobacco would produce an expected $37 billion in tax proceeds. In the year 2008, at least 41% of Americans support legalizing marijuana according to a poll given by Zogby International. Many individuals believe legalizing marijuana could be very beneficial to the public. A score of people are certain that this drug has countless medical and economical advantages, as well as the decline in the occurrence of crime. It is deemed by many that the numerous benefits of marijuana clearly outweigh the risks associated with marijuana use. Those that oppose the legalization of marijuana refuse to embrace the therapeutic gains of its use, yet they are rampant to accept other legal narcotics that are known to be highly addictive with dangerous side effects. The disadvantages of legalizing marijuana include the battle of keeping the â€Å"herb† out of our youths’ hands, basically the same issue we have with alcohol and tobacco products. Opposers argue that marijuana use initiates the use of other drugs that may be harsher and more severe. These conservatives also expect that legalizing marijuana will encourage an epidemic in usage. Smoking marijuana in general may warrant health issues. Alcohol warrants health issues. Tobacco warrants health issues. Individuals that do not wish to consume alcohol or tobacco products do not do so. An adult should be allowed to make the decision on whether they choose to use this therapeutic plant or not. Millions of adult Americans use marijuana regularly because they find it helps to ease their pains or helps them to relax after a stressful day. A controlled marijuana market would better defend their health and be much safer than the unfettered black market. Though marijuana is legal in other countries, the plant remains the second most prevalent drug in America whether used by the terminally ill, or by those individuals looking to indulge into one of life’s sweetest pleasures. Decriminalizing marijuana is not necessarily excusing or supporting marijuana use but instead recognizing the communal authenticity of its presence. References Facts about marijuana seeds, legalizing marijuana, growing cannabis leaf, www.marijuanahydro.com 1996 Hammer, J. The war over weed., Newsweek, Vol. 131, Issue 11 March 16, 1995 McMurray, C. Medicinal Marijuana: Is It What the Doctor Ordered? Gallup Poll Tuesday Briefing, p1-2, 2p December 16, 2003 Miron, Jeffrey A. Costs of Marijuana Prohibition: Economic Analysis www.prohibitioncosts.org/mironreport.html June 2005 Silverberg, D. Arresting the Drug Laws. Progressive, Vol. 69 Issue 8, p33-33, 1p August 2005 Stiefel, C. Marijuana on the ballot. Science World, Vol. 53 Issue 10, p8, 3p, 2 color; February 21, 1997 Research Papers on Legalization of MarijuanaUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Moral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Fifth HorsemanGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBringing Democracy to Africa Legalization of Marijuana Free Online Research Papers From the beginning of time, cannabis has played a major role in all of our lives. According to Jerome Jaffe, the earliest known fabric was woven from hemp in 8000 BCE. The Chinese treated arthritis and gout with hemp in 2727 BCE. In 1762 you could be thrown in jail for NOT growing marijuana in Virginia. And as recently as 1944, shortly after the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, the LaGuardia report questioned the government’s sanity regarding the use of cannabis. â€Å"The laws governing marijuana today are largely due to three very powerful Americans (Williams Randolph Hearst, Andrew Mellon, and Lamont Du Pont) who were afraid they would lose tremendous amounts of money if hemp was allowed to reach its full commercial potential. To protect their bottom line, they engaged in an all out campaign to convince the country that marijuana (which no one had ever heard of) was on the brink of ruining their lives† (OBrien, Cohen, Evans, and Fine, 175). I will not be reporting a biography of these individuals, I will only be expressing my thoughts on legalization. Although there are certainly negative aspects of any idea, I wholeheartedly support the legalization of marijuana in our society an d culture today. One of the pessimistic features of the legalization of an illicit drug would be control. There would have to be a system in place, much like the laws regarding alcohol, to regulate the use of marijuana. There would obviously have to be laws controlling the amount of marijuana in possession of the person as well as a way to ensure the productivity of the working class; perhaps by restricting it in the same way a person would get fired or jailed for over intoxication at work or while operating heavy machinery. Another negative aspect of legalization is the common dullness which can result in excessive smoking of marijuana. However, this may change once a person gets used to the substance. â€Å"They will become more functional in public and may actually adapt well in most circumstances† (Andrews, 661). The only reason people may come across as useless in the eyes of the sober is due to the fact that marijuana is, in fact, illegal and frowned upon by all those who do not partake. This causes the individual to become paranoid in a public setting and nervous because of the constant judging from the sober. As was mentioned before, I wholeheartedly support the legalization of marijuana. Economically, it could be taxed and sold at a slightly higher price, putting the small time dealers out of business, cutting down on the drug related crimes; all while putting money in the governments pocket. Medicinally, it is ideal for people with any kind of gastrointestinal problems like ulcers or heartburn. It has an obvious use in the treatment of glaucoma and cancer/AIDS related anxiety and nausea. Physically it could help nurse the disease of bulimia and anorexia by aiding food consumption. It also does not have the same debilitating effect on the body as does, say alcohol. The list could conceivably go on for pages. In my opinion, the pros most definitely outweigh the cons. I look forward to the day when marijuana will finally be legalized and alcohol consumption will diminish. It is time for the entire nation to gain legal entrance into the â€Å"secret garden† where the quality of human life may just be that much better. References Andrews, Matthew. (1972). The Parents Guide to Drugs (Doubleday Co.). pp. 4-12. Jaffe, Jerome H. (1995). Encylopedia of Drugs Alcohol (Simon Schuster). pp. 659-663. OBrien, R., Cohen, S., Evans, G., and Fine, J., (Eds.). (1992). The Enclopedia of Drug Abuse (Facts on File, Inc.). pp. 175-179. Research Papers on Legalization of MarijuanaUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoTwilight of the UAWArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Affirmitive Action essays

Affirmitive Action essays Affirmative Action began in an era when minorities were highly under represented in universities and employment. Unless one was racist, most agree with the need of affirmative action in college admissions and in the workplace. With so much of Americas work force made from inter-raced schools now, some may question whether racism really is the problem anymore, and many college students might answer yes. We see it on college campuses today, and we are not sure why this is. Prejudices, self-segregation, political correctness, reverse discrimination, and ignorance all are put into a group of opinions surrounding affirmative action and racial issues today. One may feel that affirmative action in universities is the answer to the end of racism and inequality. If more black students get into good colleges, more of them will go on to even out the uneven numbers in the work force. Barbara Ehrenreich believes when we see ninety percent of leadership roles in the business world held by white men, we begin to doubt others exist in that field. With so many minorities in low roles, people begin to believe the white man is best for the top jobs (Ehrenriech 114). But with positive affirmative action laws at work, people should begin to recognize that minorities are just as good or better in the typical white mans job. Ehrenreich also believes affirmative action should guarantee that the best person no matter the race gets the job or gets into the school until it is all evened out (Ehrenriech 114). When blacks read false statistics about their failing race in articles sometimes it builds anger toward whites. The media shows that they are still not going to overcome the white man at the rate they are going. Affirmative action might not create racial unity even if we do reach an equal world we dream of though. The evidence is on the college campuses today. Though numbers are not near equal, minorities are a big part of university...

College Move-In Day - Long Distance Dorm Move-In Tips

College Move-In Day - Long Distance Dorm Move-In Tips Moving your child into her new home  is tough enough when youre schlepping all of her worldly possessions in the family car. Add air travel or a cross-country road trip to the mix and it becomes even more challenging. Thankfully colleges and retailers get it: Nowadays its becoming increasingly more common for kids to attend schools that are hundreds of miles from home, so you can ship belongings directly to campus, order supplies online for local pickup, or just wait until you get there to shop. Follow these tips to avoid a few key mistakes. Rent a Car An hours-long drive across several states may be  daunting, but if a one-way road trip is not too ghastly a concept, consider renting a car. Drive to the college with all the gear, move in, drop off the car at the airport, and fly back. Youll pay a premium for a one-way rental, but it may be worth it to avoid the hassle and expense of shipping large items. And save money by following these tips from U.S. News World Report: Dont buy insurance. Your insurance company may cover rental cars, so check before you travel. If not, many credit cards offer insurance for free if you use their card to pay for the car. Dont rent at the airport. Yes, youll drop off the car at the airport, but that doesnt mean you need to rent at the airport. Youll be paying a drop-off fee anyway, so skip the high price of airport rentals.Shop around. Spending just a few minutes on the internet, you can book your car online- often at a discount.Dont pay extra for GPS. Use your smartphone for navigation.Take your time when inspecting the car. Any dings or dents you miss may be billed to you upon returning the car.Return the car on time. Many rental companies determine drop-off times according to the time of day you rented the car. So, check with the company before renting. Use Storage Bins If you are driving, its much easier to pack a car (even a rental) with regularly shaped objects- boxes or large plastic bins- as opposed to plastic trash bags or grocery sacks. Plus boxes are much easier to lug up multiple flights of crowded dorm stairs once you get to the school, especially if the bins have handholds. Many dorms  dont have elevators, and those that do will be crammed. Once hes moved in, your child can use the bins for extra storage or to transport laundry to the laundry room, which is likely to be some distance away from his room. Ship Items Ahead of Time   Double check the college mailroom schedule. Some schools accept packages over the summer, and a few even deliver to the dorms. Other mailrooms, like the one at UC San Diego, dont open until several days after move-in day, a situation that may leave your child sleeping on borrowed towels until he can retrieve his bedding from the mailroom. If you run into mailroom issues, make sure your childs luggage includes the absolute essentials shell need during the first few days, including sheets, towels, toiletries, a light jacket, two pairs of shoes, and a couple of sets of clothes. Your child can create decorations, such as picture mobiles, as well as a laundry basket and even a nightstand, with easily obtainable (and inexpensive) materials. Theres no need to buy and ship such items ahead of time. If you have a friend, colleague, or relative who lives in the same area where your child will be attending school, have his belongings shipped there. And while youre packing, remember that your child won’t need his heavy woolens in August, so ship winter items later, or have him pick them up at Thanksgiving if he is planning to fly home for the holiday, as many students do. Order Online Some retailers allow you to order gear online and pick it up in stores in another state. Just verify the location, print out a copy of your order paperwork, and allow extra time for pickup. Big box stores near college campuses are always clogged during move-in day, but since youve picked everything out ahead of time youll be able to get in and out without a hitch. Shop Once You Arrive Depending on how your childs move-in and orientation schedules are structured, you might be there for one day or a weekend.  If you have an extra day for dorm room shopping, take advantage of it. It takes an incredible amount of time, but trying to find the right stores and the right stuff in a college town on move-in day can be quite an arduous task. If move-in day is just that- a day- dont panic when you realize youve forgotten something because you  will  forget something.  Locate the nearest big box stores before move-in day to save yourself some stress. If youve rented a vehicle, consider keeping it for one extra day so you can drive your child to pick up those last-minute supplies. Many stores allow you to order online and then pick up items the same day. Youll only need a laptop, tablet computer, or smartphone to order, so consider packing one of those three electronic devices, regardless of what method you use to deliver the goods- and your child- as she begins her long-distance college career.

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Final - Essay Example The report also contains the objectives of business according to the social, economical, technological and political factors influencing the business. The objective for the competitive position of the business is also defined. The report will also define the segments which need to be addressed by the Apollo group in order to enhance its business. Apollo Group headquartered in the US has a multinational network of institutes. The main aim of formation of the Apollo group was to cater the education needs of working adults. The group undertakes its business through subsidiaries. Listing few of them are: the University of Phoenix having its online campus also, the College for Financial Planning, and Western International University etc. The courses offered at the institutes are innovatively designed according to the needs of 21st century. Apollo Group experienced improved financial performance in 2008 having consolidated net income of $476.5 million, or $2.87 per diluted share, on consolidated revenue of $3.1 billion, a 15% increase. The degree enrolments reached at the record highest levels at 362,100 which were 12% more than 2007. The Group is progressing through its aggressive marketing techniques and continuous expenditure on research and development in the field of new teaching techniques. The group has gained accreditation with the prestigious Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP). SWOT or strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis is a technique used by business analysts to identify and analyze environmental factors that influence a business organization’s performance in a variety of ways, including its decision making and corporate behavior (Mello, 2003, p.40). â€Å"The Threats-Opportunities-Weaknesses-Strengths (TOWS) Matrix is an important matching tool that helps managers develops four types of strategies: So Strategies, WO strategies, ST Strategies, and WT Strategies. SWOT analysis enables the organization

Leadership Skills Through the Interaction With the Student Community Essay

Leadership Skills Through the Interaction With the Student Community - Essay Example One thing that set me apart from the rest is the unique ability to integrate with people of different cultures, ages, and social settings. As a vice president of the student council of Boston University, I have learned to interact with students, lecturers and the community through forums supported by the student council. The student council has so many functions and interactive forums that have exposed me to different cultural, ethnic, religious, and social relationships. As a student leader, I have been instrumental in ensuring that the diversity within the participants does not compromise the unity but rather become a source of profound knowledge and understanding for all students. I have also allowed myself to learn leadership values through the various challenges of the position. One of my duties as a leader was to promote unity and raise the spirit of the school by organizing various school events. One of the tasks involved setting a theme for each day of a week and do something creative and unique for the day. For instance, if Monday is "purple day", then all students should dress in purple. I discovered that students from the State and European countries were relatively open-minded, and they suggested ideas that were more controversial. Religious-oriented students would suggest a â€Å"God wearing day† where students would imaginatively dress like God. Pagans, however, disliked this idea. Having worked with such different personalities has taught me so many things particularly ineffective leadership. However, the same has not made me relent on my personal beliefs. Indeed, I have enriched my beliefs and leadership skills through interaction with the student community.

Stress in Law Enforcement Results in a High Degree of Divorce and Research Paper

Stress in Law Enforcement Results in a High Degree of Divorce and Suicide - Research Paper Example Indications suggest what can be done to alleviate the problems both individually as officers, within their families, and within the organization as a whole. Finally, the information covers law enforcement officers’ duties regarding service to the community and how the community can avoid a disservice to the officers. Key words: double bind, stresses, high risk lifestyle Stress in Law Enforcement Results in a High Degree of Divorce and Suicide. How does this Problem Develop and How is it Mitigated? Introduction â€Å"If you ever find me like that (shot), you better start looking for the one who did it, because I would never do that to myself (Boyce, 2006).† This was a statement previously quoted by a State Trooper who did not come home as usual after his shift. The officer was found with a gunshot wound to the head and sitting in his own car after a long and diligent search. The State Crime Lab determined that he had taken his own life. What would cause an officer to do such a thing to himself? Sergeant Boyce can remember seeing warning signs, after the fact, that the officer was under much physical and emotional stress (Boyce, 2006). The dead officer had become withdrawn and did not work with the rest of the officers as he had in the past. Sergeant James Boyce recalls himself when dozing in a chair at his home on the couch, and his wife or one of the kids touched him, he would sit straight up and make a fist as if ready to fight. Is an incident such as this caused by the everyday stress of law enforcement? (Boyce, 2006). According to Hans Selye, a respected researcher in stress, â€Å"police work is the most stressful occupation in America (Boyce, 2006).† Law enforcement stress leads to one of the highest, suicide rates in the nation in comparison to other occupations. The divorce rate for other occupations is 50 percent while law enforcement divorce rates are as high as 75 percent. This makes the divorce rate among police officers second i n the nation. These facts alone are a warning sign targeted at law enforcement management. Extreme Negative Effects Dan Goldfarb covers the impact of stress on police officers at a union delegates meeting. He defines stress in a very unconventional way, but it relates very well to the job of police work. Stress is â€Å"that feeling and desire along with the ensuing bodily effects, experienced by a person who has a strong and true longing to choke the living shit out of someone who desperately deserves it, but you can’t (Goldfarb, 2011).† It is Goldfarbs’ contention that although this might be a very funny way to convey the information, however, there is a real truth to it. Law enforcement work calls for an incredible amount of discipline and restraint. This restraint is a continuing thing and it causes insurmountable stress. Goldfarb points out that between 1934 and 1960 police suicide rates were half that of the general population and between 1980 and the pres ent have almost doubled (Goldfarb, 2011). So the difference in the present vs. the past is, â€Å"You can’t choke em anymore,† as he puts it. He contends that street justice no longer exists, the media is continually showing the negative side of police work, and politicians cater to the public and new laws, therefore, your hands are tied. So, law enforcement officers start to feel like they are being choked. According to research the biggest stresses for police work are, 1. Taking a life in the line

Voting Rights Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Voting Rights Act - Essay Example Section 2 allows individuals, non-governmental organizations and the attorney general to file civil actions in order to seek injunctions, preventive, and permanent relief from the section’s violation. Having noted that, many will agree that the section was destined to achieve greater heights in voter right protection than it is currently. However due to its broad text, section 2 has failed to address comprehensively the problem of discrimination in the states which have a History of discrimination, leave alone providing a lasting solution. Section 2 of the Voter Rights Act is more reactive than being proactive in the essence that often the damage has already been done to a group of voters by a state that cannot be remedied after a voting –related deadline, or an election has passed. Moreover the cost and expediency of voter rights Act enforcement under section 2 has proved to be a nightmare for the plaintiffs’ who cannot afford the resources required to litigate fact-intensive cases. Though this has since been resolved through the partly involvement of the department of justice to essentially assume plaintiffs’ costs for section 2 suits by either initiating the action itself or intervening in support of the plaintiff, it’s still a course for concern for the cost effectiveness availed by the section. It’s well known that section 2 vote dilution standards are fairly well developed in the courts. In the section’s vote dilution cases, plaintiffs are usually required to first pass the Gingles test-from the case Thornburg v. Gingles- then an effect test. This is intended to prove that the plaintiff’s vote has been diluted based on the current voting district boundaries by proving that had the boundaries been drawn differently, the minority population would have the voting power to elect a candidate of its choice. However as earlier noted, this seems to be more of reactive than

My Nursing Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Nursing Philosophy - Essay Example For me to develop my nursing practice, I contemplated on what nursing means to me as well as factors that guide my nursing practice. In the course of my nursing studies, I have encountered different situations, which have enabled me develop my personal nursing philosophy. Additionally they have changed and molded my assumptions regarding nursing practices. However, they have at times challenged my assumption and personal value but for the better. Developing a personal nursing philosophy required me to reflect on my assumptions about nursing and compare them with the facts I had learned, particularly from the different philosophers accredited for developing different concepts that shaped nursing practices. Nursing practices entails giving patient-centered care and maintaining the different ethics that guide nurses in their practice. My nursing philosophy is based on my experiences, nursing education, principles, and theories that guide nursing, as well as my goals as a nurse. It addresses the aspects surrounding nursing practice, which include the society, environment, the patient of recipient of nursing care, health, and nursing care. I have always been compassionate about giving professional caring towards patients. For me, nursing is not just about me as the nurse and the patient, it comprise the patients family and the society. This is because of the roles that may pray in preventing occurrence of certain diseases as well as their contribution in enhancing healing of patients. Additionally, they are an important source of information regarding patients and other health related problems. The American Nurses Association definition of nursing (2004, p. 7) as â€Å"Protection, promoti ng, and Abilities, prevention of illnesses and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations† clearly describes what nursing entails. I find this definition very comprehensive since it clearly defines the roles of a nurse. Additionally, it demonstrates the need for continuous knowledge acquisition as key to proficient nursing. For quite some time the issue on whether nursing is, an art or a science has been debated. Being a nurse entail taking care of the patients, this is considered as an art. Therefore, the definition of nursing is a clear depiction of the components of nursing. Being a successful nurse requires one to seek knowledge, which is then applied in the daily activities. This necessitates clear understanding of diseases, their causes, diagnosis, and treatment. This makes nursing a science since it involves seeking knowledge. According to Philips, science is â€Å"an original body of knowledge concerning human beings and their world,† (2006, p.43). Nursing is thus multidimensional, and involves acquiring knowledge in addition applying the theory of behavioral and natural sciences in defining the skills and professional values used in care giving (Warms & Schroeder, 2009; Phillips, 2006).  However, nursing goes beyond understanding the disease progression and treatment. It entails enhancing the healing process through giving care. When Nightingale (1820-1910) and Nissen (1834-1892) wrote a about nursing, they metaphorically compared it to art. They were considering the quality of care given by nurses (Austgard, 2006, 16). The aspect of care giving requires nurses to connect with the patient and their family and is thus an art. Nursing is thus both a science and an art. That is why I consider knowledge crucial for successful nursing. Additionally, applying the knowledge learnt in class is crucial since it enables one to understand different diseases and disease processes. Knowledge acquisition is the scientific component of nursing. It entails learning how to use

Voting Rights Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Voting Rights Act - Essay Example Section 2 allows individuals, non-governmental organizations and the attorney general to file civil actions in order to seek injunctions, preventive, and permanent relief from the section’s violation. Having noted that, many will agree that the section was destined to achieve greater heights in voter right protection than it is currently. However due to its broad text, section 2 has failed to address comprehensively the problem of discrimination in the states which have a History of discrimination, leave alone providing a lasting solution. Section 2 of the Voter Rights Act is more reactive than being proactive in the essence that often the damage has already been done to a group of voters by a state that cannot be remedied after a voting –related deadline, or an election has passed. Moreover the cost and expediency of voter rights Act enforcement under section 2 has proved to be a nightmare for the plaintiffs’ who cannot afford the resources required to litigate fact-intensive cases. Though this has since been resolved through the partly involvement of the department of justice to essentially assume plaintiffs’ costs for section 2 suits by either initiating the action itself or intervening in support of the plaintiff, it’s still a course for concern for the cost effectiveness availed by the section. It’s well known that section 2 vote dilution standards are fairly well developed in the courts. In the section’s vote dilution cases, plaintiffs are usually required to first pass the Gingles test-from the case Thornburg v. Gingles- then an effect test. This is intended to prove that the plaintiff’s vote has been diluted based on the current voting district boundaries by proving that had the boundaries been drawn differently, the minority population would have the voting power to elect a candidate of its choice. However as earlier noted, this seems to be more of reactive than

Toxicological Effects of Arsenic and Fate of Arsenic Term Paper - 1

Toxicological Effects of Arsenic and Fate of Arsenic - Term Paper Example The most common arsenic ores are arsenopyrite, orpiment and realgar. These compounds are byproducts of purification and mining of silver metal (Edward, and Carol, 2011). It occurs in group five of the periodic table just below nitrogen and phosphorus. It is classified chemically as a metalloid, having both properties of a metal and non-metal. Arsenic also occurs in a crystalline metallic form which is a steel gray solid and in dark gray amorphous solid. It exists in one of the three oxidation states; -3, Ã ·3, and +5 (Edward, and Carol, 2011). These compounds can be classified as either inorganic or organic. Inorganic arsenic compounds are those without arsenic-carbon bond while organic arsenic compounds are those with an arsenic-carbon bond (Ecclestone, 2010). Global production of arsenic is estimated to be 75,000 tons annually (NAS 1977; EPA 1980) of which almost 97% is used in the manufacture of arsenic trioxide and others are used to manufacture of special lead and copper alloys. Arsenic is used as homeopathic remedies used to cure patients with digestive problems, food poisoning, insomnia, allergies, anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arsenic compounds have been used in the manufacture of medicine since the time of Hippocrates (David, 2008); the production of herbicides, desiccants, wood preservatives, and the development of stimulants for plants and animals. Other smaller amounts are used in the manufacture of glass and textiles (Toropova et al., 2011). Arsenic is in constant change and is oxidized, reduced or metabolized and is used in plant uptake or reduction by organisms and chemical processes. These compounds have been used for a long time for the manufacture of medicines ranging from human medicine, plant medicine and also other aquatic organisms. High concentrations of arsenic in the aquatic environment can slow down the growth of aquatic organisms such as fish and invertebrates. Arsenic is very vital in the aeration process of the water (David, 2008).

Terrorism Definition Essay Example for Free

Terrorism Definition Essay Terrorism is just a word in English, but it is a hazard for mankind. Terrorism is the use of fear and acts of violence in order to intimidate societies or governments. People who do terrorism are called terrorists. Terrorism is a world-wide problem. By now, the governments throughout the world are realizing that terrorism is a serious threat to dealt with. Every terrorist acts usually takes days and even months of preparation. Terrorist are usually young, but the brain behind them are old, seasoned politicians. Terrorists mostly recruit younger people in their group as it is easy to brainwash them. Few of the terrorist attacks the world would never forget are the mid air bombings of Pan Am flight 103, the 9/11 attacks in which 2 civilian planes were hijacked and then later crashed into the famous World Trade towers in Manhattan, New York, the 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament, the 26/11 in which terrorist attacked the Taj Mahal and the Oberoi Trident hotels of Mumbai and left the world in shock. Many people lose their lives in such attacks. Around 3000 innocent people lost their lives in the 9/11 attacks. Many of you might not know that World Trade Centre was a centre of attraction for all these terrorist attacks. Well before 9/11 incident the World Trade Centre already got a choke through bomb blasts in 1993. This was said to be a failure one as they aimed for twin tower attacks and missed their task. These terrorist activities are carried out by professional terrorist groups with the Al Qaeda being the most famous one. If you have been reading the newspaper you would have noticed the ongoing terror activities in Syria and Iraq. This militant act is being carried out by another terror group called the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or simply known as ISIS. Most of the government across the globe have special intelligence branches to counter such attacks. A few famous intelligence boards are the Central Bureau of Investigation of the Government of India and the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States Government. But there are evidences that the government of Pakistan had been sponsoring jihadist groups and other groups like the Al Qaeda and the Taliban to fight against its enemies like India and the United States. Many international organizations like the United Nations are continuously working to prevent such activities and also to give aid to countries which have been a victim of terror attacks Pesticides are designed to kill and because their mode of action is not specific to one species,  they often kill or harm organisms other than pests, including humans. The Organization estimates that there are 3 million cases of pesticide poisoning each year and up to 220,000 deaths, primarily in developing countries. The application of pesticides is often not very precise, and unintended exposures occur to other organisms in the general area where pesticides are applied. Children, and indeed any young and developing organisms, are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of pesticides. Even very low levels of exposure during development may have adverse health effects. Pesticide exposure can cause a range of neurological health effects such as memory loss, reduced speed of response to stimuli and reduced visual ability. Many studies have examined the effects of pesticide exposure on the risk of cancer. People can be exposed to pesticides by a number of different routes including: occupation, in the home, at school and in their food. There are concerns that pesticides used to control pests on food crops are dangerous to people who consume those foods. These concerns are one reason for the organic food movement. Many food crops, including fruits and vegetables, contain residues after being washed or peeled. The United Nations through the media is spreading the awareness of the need for organic farming through media channels, radios etc.

Mau Mau Rebellion And The British Response History Essay

Mau Mau Rebellion And The British Response History Essay In this essay I intend to explain the rise of the Mau Mau and the resulting British response from a socio political stand point. I will show that in response to the uprising the Colonial authorities perpetuated the myth of the Mau Mau in order to serve their own interests and provide international justification for their actions. In effect the myth was a product of wilful acceptance to prominent racial and ethnocentric views of the time. The British in fact went on to perpetuate these already prominent views imbedded in the western social consciousness and in doing so provided justification for the barbaric actions to follow, as well as igniting already prominent divides among the native people throughout the colony. This prevailing attitude spread amongst the heads of the colonial project and even to local loyalist people creating a detrimental social consciousness and ironically this myth did not diminish the cause of the Mau Mau fighters as intended, but it antagonised both sides of the divide, the myth took on a life of its own culminating in detrimental effects to both sides; in effect this turned into a war fuelled by resentment and revenge. To show this I will firstly, give a brief overview of the political backdrop of the Kikuyu people during colonial times. Secondly, I will examine the evolution of the myth of Mau Mau looking to its origins, academic justification and response to it. Thirdly, I will work through the resulting conflict showing how the myth contributed to the already multitude of divides and social misconceptions as play within the conflict; with reference to the Lari massacre and Project Anvil. Finally, to conclude I will give mention to recent events and challenges to the British courts from elderly Mau Mau fighters and show that if it was not for racial attitudes and stereotypes and with a little more intelligent thought and acceptance this violent oppressive war could and should have never happened. Origins political backdrop Over three decades leading up to the Mau Mau rebellion, Africans voiced plangent political concerns despite the obstruction of an unsympathetic colonial state.  [1]  Four issues of contention arose to be the main issues of political debate. Two of these were: low level African wages and the abolition of the kipande. European settlers wished to remain competitive in their agricultural production, which was rather less profitable than the extraction of natural resources, this meant tightening of wages for the local Kikuyu people. The kipande was an identity card enforced by the British; essentially it was used for altogether oppressive means relating to mobilization and employment. Two further deep-rooted issues arose from mid-1930 onwards. Firstly, the need to secure effective, elected African representation; previously attempts to manage politics had been utilised by way of, nominated and salaried chiefs who were effectively under the influence of European missionaries, who were by way of the chiefs effectively the voice of the Kenyan people.  [2]  Secondly, the issue of land appropriation and distribution, this had in fact been a bone of contention since the beginning of colonial rule, however, this was exacerbated by restricted migration of peoples and enforcement of land segregation due to tightening economic constraints on the European powers in the post-WWII period, making this the most contested argument and division in Kenya, especially amongst the Kikuyu people. By 1950 these political contentions had evolved into three distinct political movements: Conservatives, Moderate Nationalists and Militant Nationalists. The Conservative block, comprising of: Chiefs, headmen, and senior Christian elders, their authority had been built up and greatly consolidated through association with the colonial project. These people were a product of Social conditioning; western education carried out by Christian missionaries, dogmatising a new breed of Kenyans.  [3]  The Moderate Nationalists emerged from the early 1920s, previously educated mission boys, developed westernised attitudes and prevailing Christian beliefs again by way of colonial conditioning. The old conservative chiefs were viewed as a barrier to progress and modernisation, a step away from traditional values and cultural politics.  [4]  A materialist rivalry fuelled and intensified their political struggles; in a battle for power the difference in agendas at first was not entirely clear . Koinange Wa Mbiya, the most distinguished chief of the colonial era, became disillusioned with the colonial regime, originally a stanch conservative supporter his views shifted dramatically over the issue of land appropriation.  [5]  The land reserves were diminishing and population was growing rapidly, people succumbed to hunger and even starvation, which spread rapidly amongst the native people. In a passionate speech Koinange appealed to the colonial land commission for the return of his peoples lost lands, his appeal fell on death ears, the colonial powers had another agenda and his appeal was rejected.  [6]  Consequently, he joined the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA) an organisation he was previously vehemently opposed to. He even went as far as donating his own land and giving financial support to the Kikuyu Independent Schools Association, successfully challenging the Christian missions monopoly of primary education for the children of Kenya; an important factor in ra ising free thinking Kenyans free of dogmatism and colonial conditioning, these newly educated children would go on to fuel the rise of nationalism.  [7]   The British thought that they had drawn a line under the issue, demanding compliance form their colonial subjects. However, this was just the beginning of the problem; as the white settler population grew and mechanisation aided the efficiency of the production, less and less workers were needed resulting in more repatriation to the reserves. This was exacerbated further by the Chieftains, with western ideologies of their own, believing in progress and modernity, they developed their own aspirations for wealth and power, further alienating the local Kikuyu population. Origins of Mau Mau and creation of a myth The origins of the Mau Mau contrary to the beliefs of the west and colonial governments within Kenya were heralded on very much peaceful beginnings, this can be view in contrast to Britains greater colonial empire particularly, India, the jewel in the crown, where Gandhis vision of non-violence had now seemed to transgress continents; for it was indeed this stance that the rebel Mau Mau organisation began. The first signs of integration or the population to Mau Mau sympathies arose, as we have seen, out of opposition of their own self-mastery. This choice first entailed a rejection of the leadership of many patrons, particularly the chiefs who, as one vernacular newspaper article argued in January 1948, should know that to be respected through fear is not as good as respect through love. Initial protests were intentionally carried out and lead by educated Africans with emphasis on strong discipline and unity.  [8]  Even moral boosting songs proclaimed, we dont want war we want ju stice. The newspaper Mumenyereri observed, Africans have no weapons, but their weapon is to speak the truth and to be honest.  [9]   The United Kingdom, conversely, sought to popularise a very different interpretation, and largely succeeded. This was that the troubles were a small unpopular, easily controllable, savage tribal uprising, perhaps the symptom of some form of mass psychosis, the result of the Kikuyu tribes inability to cope with the modern world.  [10]  The British depiction and the official colonial/western view of Mau Mau were of a savage, violent, and depraved tribal cult, who expressed unrestrained emotion rather than reason. It sought to turn the Kikuyu people back to the bad old days before enlightened British rule had brought the blessings of modern civilization and development.  [11]  Government intelligence reports dwelt on the insane frenzy and fanatical discipline of Mau Mau adherents.  [12]  It had been deliberately organized, according to the government, by cynical and unprincipled leaders, seeking only to satisfy their own lust for power. Depraved, murderous, and wholly evil, Mau Mau had to be totally destroyed; this view was backed up by leading academics of the time.  [13]  This is not to say that a brilliant lie was devised, but merely that one particular version of events (which was perhaps no further from the truth than many of the other interpretations) was publicised because it cause the British less problems when trying to justify their African policies to those international neighbours to whom they had to pay heed, above all Americans. It blunted criticisms, stifled debate, and exonerated the British response.  [14]  In reality, the myth was more sophisticated and wider and served more tangible purpose than this would suggest. It must be recognised that not all was myth, and that Mau Mau was far from a standard anti-colonial uprising, if such a creature indeed exists.  [15]   By the Mid-1960s this interpretation began to be challenged by a revisionist version of Mau Mau which depicted it as an essential, if radical, component of nationalism in Kenya. First, memoirs of the Emergency by some of those active in Mau Mau began to be published, notably by J. M. Kariuki and Waruhiu Itote:  [16]  both who insisted that Mau Mau was a modern, rational, and nationalist political movement, not tribalist reaction. These publications set the way for two hugely influential works which would reshape academic opinion; the first, Mau Mau from Within by Karari Njama;  [17]  the second, the Myth of Mau Mau: Nationalism in Kenya by John Nottingham and Carl Rosberg.  [18]  Nottingham and Rosberg concluded that interpretations of Mau Mau as savage and atavistic tribalism is subject to penetrating analysis as a myth of the Mau Mau grounded in European racism and ethnocentrism.  [19]   This wilful propagating and demonising antagonised an already deeper problem of racial and ethnocentric social views. The cultural misconceptions already prelevant in the social consciousness of Europeans were evident with racial and barbarian attitudes shown towards Africans, it was this that the British government could influence, the myth they propagated further cemented these misconceptions, the colonial administration seeking advantage to pursue its own ends at state level. This attitude is clearly seen in a book by Christopher Wilson, Kenyas Warning; throughout the book he writes clearly engulfed by a misconceived social consciousness. In a chapter on the Mau Mau leaders he goes on to discredit the causes of support for the Mau Mau. He tackles the legitimacy of aggravations caused by lack of land for cultivation, lack of money on account of low wages, and denial of legitimate political claims; siding in each case with the colonial project.  [20]  He demeans the intentions o f the Mau Mau leaders as acting in their own interests, having no interest in the welfare of the masses, deluding them with promises [the masses]. Essentially the non-conformity with western ideas is seen as backward, primitive and uneducated.  [21]  Mau Mau supporters were belittled by loyalists as impoverished criminal delinquents and so, it was believed, morally ill-equipped to lead political action or participate in debate: When you kill your fellow men because of foolishness, I tell you that you are far from becoming a leader of any sort. (Letter E. Munene to editor, 30th Jan 1954)  [22]  Mau Mau forest fighters were frequently derided by loyalists as wild animals and in particular hyenas.  [23]   The British response- In October 1952w, the new colonial administrator took an altogether more decisive approach to the situation in hand; opting for a more heavy handed approach and military response the Mau Mau rebellion, to be implemented immediately. A State of Emergency was declared and the British colonial government of Kenya waged a violent counter-insurgency campaign against the Mau Mau rebels. In this effort the regime was assisted by collaborators, known as loyalists, drawn from the same communities as the insurgents. This created an ambiguity of allegiances of which were influenced by propaganda and events on both sides of the divide; loyalism in fact seems to have been a product of the same intellectual debates that had spanned the Mau Mau insurgency itself.  [24]  Francis Gatheru was a stanch supporter of the loyalist and colonial cause during the state of emergency, his reasoning for standing opposed to his fellow was ironically deduced for the very same reasons from which the Mau Mau so ught revolution. Gatheru dismissed the idea that oaths of allegiance to the Mau Mau were taken by way of ritualistic nature, and it was the threat of supernatural punishment that compelled most to pledge their support to the insurgents. Admitting this this was a factor, but exaggerated by the British; who propagated this demonised dark nature of the local people. Instead Gatheru points to the Mau Maus promise to deliver freedom, land and every good thing we wished to have that primarily won over the hearts and minds of the local people. This suggests that contrary to the British claims that the majority of people were oathed voluntarily. Proclaiming ithaka na wiathi meaning self-mastery through land, it is clear that the militant Mau Mau leaders had utilised the primary contention that could unite the people against the colonial regime.  [25]  What followed was in effect a civil war, more than 90 per cent of the 13,000 officially acknowledged casualties of the anti-colonial and internecine violence were Kikuyu, Embu or Meru; most of which were killed by their fellow inhabitants of Kenyas Central Highlands. Gatheru now disillusioned and horrified by the conflict, saw his people no closer to self-mastery, they were fighting an unwinnable war; up against the full force and technological advancement of the British Empire. What Gatheru realised as did much of the native population that we are not to get any ware by prolonging the situation, if we are getting the opposite of what the Mau Mau promised us when we were taking the oath, why then à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ shouldnt we do the contrary of what we promised? The divide was widening, the British played the natives against one another; in an already divided population with a huge number of grievances and contentions it was easy to mobilize support on either side. On the loyalist side: demonising propaganda, colonial education/westernisation, Christian indoctrination, material superiority, non-violence, political ends and even monetary incentive and bribes. On the Mau Mau side: land contentions, living/working conditions, land hunger, wage levels, material divides as well as traditional and cultural issues all played apart. Most strikingly as the contention between the sides intensified revenge was a clear motive on both sides in the ambiguity of allegiances. Fuelled by principles of modernisation, progress and westernisation, old moderate leaders now in control of the Mau Mau organisation, looked to oust not only the colonial powers but also the stooge chiefs, who according to them were holding back the nation and not radical enough in the ir western attitudes. These leaders utilised the grievances of the peasants, primarily issues relating to land appropriation, to add to the numbers of the Mau Mau fighters/militants. Other kikuyu people saw the war as unwinnable and tended towards loyalist persuasion along with other settlers who had benefited from colonial education/conditioning and Christian dogmatising; their political attitude to the war was one of non-violence. When the violence inevitably did start propaganda further divided the two camps, the freedom fight became embroiled in a fight between Kikuyu interests and developed into a vendetta of revenge not freedom. Lari massacare The Lari massacre was the wars iconographic moment. The attack on Lari had been carefully planned and was not as reported an indiscriminate act of violence, the homesteads attacked had in fact been very carefully chosen. All of the victims were the families of local chiefs, ex-chiefs, headmen, councillors and prominent Home Guard. What followed was not planned or strategic in any manner whatsoever, purely an act of enraged revenge; a second massacre took place at Lari that night. It was perpetuated by the Home Guard, later joined by other elements of the security services, who took revenge on any persons in the location they could lay their hands on whom they suspected of Mau Mau sympathies. Propaganda and spin followed the inevitable cover up, mopping-up operations.  [26]  This tragedy not only was a catalyst for events to come but epitomised the war, Kikuyu fighting Kikuyu, in essence a civil war perpetuated by myth blatant cultural misunderstanding as well as prominent racial and ethnocentric attitudes. Project Anvil When dawn broke on the morning of 24 April 1954, Nairobis citizens woke to find their city under siege. Over the previous four months an elaborate scheme had been worked out to systematically search the city and to screen every African.  [27]  This rigorous process left nothing unturned all documentation had to be present and correct, with even the slightest discrepancy cause for suspicion. African were hustled out of their houses and herded into barbed-wire compounds, where they waited for the cogs of colonial bureaucracy to turn. A crude system of classification was put in place, highlighting the racial problems stirringly, of the Africans screened they were classified as white, grey or black; black used to connote danger and allegiances to Mau Mau; and white used to connote not a threat to society and to be repatriated; highlighting the prominent racial attitudes of the time. The legal basis of the screening and detention camps was set up by a Delegated Detention Order, where by under the emergency law, suspects could be detained without trial simply by a signature of any officer of the rank district officer or above. Nothing more was needed to condemn a man to incarceration for two years or more. Suspicion that man had taken an oath, or even that he was thought to be in sympathy of the Mau Mau, was sufficient for detention without trial. Accusations made by others, such as the hooded loyalist informants (gikunia) used at Langata, needed no corroboration; their silent and anonymous testimonies would condemn many men to the detention camps. The use of elders brought from the reserve in the screening of men was intended at act as a check against any possible victimization, but it was impossible to prevent score-settling or personal vendettas.  [28]  In the morass of Operation Anvil, there were masses of cases of mistaken identity, and once labelled it was exceedingly difficult to challenge a detention order, bureaucratic procedure had taken over from c ommon sense: with these numbers, what did it matter if one more kikuyu was detained? And if in any doubt, it was surely better to detain the man than let him go? By 26 May, when Anvil finally came to an end, the numbers screened had climbed about 50,000; nearly half the total number Kikuyu in the city and been imprisoned, by the end of 1954 one-third of all Kikuyu men were said to be in prison, these detainees had not been convicted of any crime and were all held without trial.  [29]  Special Branch reckoned that 700 of these were hard-core Mau Mau, a measly 3 per cent of the total detainees; with the evidence against the majority being nothing more than pretty slight, but no one seemed concerned by this alarming statistic, to job had been done.  [30]   By late June, Morrison, the General Secretary of the Christian Council of Kenya, wrote to the governor, Sir Frederick Crawford, about more than sixty Kikuyu Christians who had been rounded up in Operation Anvil. The loyalty of these men was above question; yet it appeared they had been swept away into the detention camps as Mau Mau suspects. Effort were made to locate the men, however, Morrison reports, We are informed either that persons cannot be traced, or that they must be re-screened, or that they cannot return to Nairobi because they were self-employed, or some other reason is given which prevents or delays release. The government was in danger of alienating the one group among the Kikuyu on whose support they must ultimately rely as a nucleus for influencing the rest.  [31]   Archdeacon Peter Bostock, of the Anglican Church, visited Langata in person twice during the June in an effort to identify the missing men. He was shocked and disturbed by the experience. He described the conditions as grossly overcrowded and stated that the home guard were only barely in control, it seemed as is the camps were a law unto themselves.  [32]   In January 1955 the Church of Scotland moderator in Kenya, David Steel, startled his Presbyterian congregation with an impassioned attack from the pulpit against the arbitrary callousness of government policies, taking Operation Anvil as his principle case. Steel described how the government had alienated Christian support through its heavy-handedness, summarily throwing the innocent into detention, where they were contaminated by the wicked, and failing to protect decent people from the abuse of those whom the government armed as their protectors, the Home Guard. Carelessness, an utter disregard for the rights of Africans had resulted in many honest, law-abiding citizens beings incarcerated during anvil. Steel also referred to more sinister forces at work; citing false accusations that had been deliberate and calculated, heavily criticising the system of informants branding it far from infallible and suggesting that this had happened more frequently than the security forces were pre pared to concede.  [33]   The army fought against Mau Maus military confusions. These were very different from those which haunted the liberal myth of modernization; a contrast between modernisation, progress and capitalist attitudes with an eerie respect to the shared experience of war, based on strategy, respect, loyalty, and noble attitudes.  [34]  They rose above the prominent racial attitudes, fighting together, side by side with Africans during the war had instilled respect and honour amongst the troops and even the generals. General Erskine, commander during the critical first part of the war, took a simple soldierly view of the oaths which so disturbed the understanding of most observers. He recognised that Mau Mau had grievances and an aim, to eject Europeans. The connexion between strategic end and nauseating means was crisply rational.  [35]  The colonial secretary, Oliver Lyttelton, was struck by a nobler likeness between forest fighter and British soldier. A veteran of the Great War, he r espected men who, contrary to their tribal reputation, had more than once pressed home attacks against wire, and in the face of hot fire, and heavy casualties. He had asked no more of his Grenadiers. If Mau Mau gallantry was explained by dutch courage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ doped with hemp, had he not too, like others in this war, braced himself with rum before battle? Such recognition of equivalence, so contrary both to the racialism which denied a common humanity and the liberalism which pitied dupes, was politically important. Even Churchill commander and chief himself was held to have thought the fibre, ability and steel of the Kikuyu deserved to be acknowledged by on offer of terms.  [36]  After sixty-eight hours of interrogating the captured General China, superintendent Ian Henderson, the boys own hero of the settlers war, concluded that his prisoner was a complete fanatic. Was he then mentally ill? Not at all. China had a good brain and a remarkable memory. He knew why he was f ighting; his sole with was to expound his political testament before Legislative Council and walk to the gallows without trial. It took the tragedy of Hola camp, where eleven hard core detainees were beaten to death in the name of modernisation, to bring the British government round to the military view. As Margery Perham put it, the hard core were determined to prove that they were not in the grip of some remedial obsession but pursuing logical and irrevocable political aims. The detainees might have put it differently. The immediate issue was work and it refusal. Their case was simple. They were political prisoners, not criminals. To work to order would be to admit to wrong. Work was a proper demonstration of responsibility for free men; under any other condition it was slavery.  [37]  Britain could not continue to remake Kenya by force when other European powers were abandoning attempts to remodel colonial rule for the moral high ground of informal empire. A political war must be ended by political means. Civilization had to gamble on concession and agreement, not enforced by the tyranny of good intent ions and warders truncheons. Within months of Hola came Lancaster House and the prospect of majority rule.  [38]  Only international and metropolitan pressures could compel the United Kingdom to decolonise, and so the myth of Mau Mau served the useful purpose of forestalling any concerted international effort to redirect United Kingdom policy and of blunting the criticisms emanating from those countries to whom the British were obliged to pay heed. By dissociating the uprising from the global forces of nationalism and communism, by stressing its violent and uncompromising nature, and by constantly asserting the ease which it would be defeated, it succeeded in this aim, as any reading of the United Nations records for the period will testify.  [39]   Conclusion

Tecumseh Essays -- essays research papers

Tecumseh ,Shawnee war chief, was born at Old Piqua, on the Mad River in western Ohio. In 1774, his father, Puckeshinwa, was killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant, and in 1779 his mother, Methoataske, accompanied those Shawnees who migrated to Missouri, later died. Raised by an older sister, Tecumpease, Tecumseh would play war games with other fellow youths in his tribe. Tecumseh accompanied an older brother, Chiksika, on a series of raids against frontier settlements in Kentucky and Tennessee in the late 1780’s. Chiksika had a vision that he would not survive the battle at Buchanan’s station he went ahead as plan and attacked the stockade and was mortally wounded and was carried from the battle field and the dying warrior asked not to be buried but to be placed on a hill. Tecumseh and the other’s retreated back to a Cherokee village where most went back to Ohio while Tecumseh and some other warriors stayed behind. After that Tecumseh went on mostly hunting but occasionally attacking settler’s. After that moved back towards home and come to find out that the Shawnee’s had moved on to where it’s much safer. The battle of Fallen Timber’s broke confidence in British assistance as well as many casualties. Pissed off by the Indian defeat, he refused to sign the Treaty of Greenville (1795). In the 1800’s Tecumseh began to show signs of a prominent war chief. He led a group of yong Indian warriors to a village on the White River in east-central Indiana. There in 1805 Lalawethika ex...

Schneck vs United States :: essays research papers

Schenck vs. United States- 1919 HOLLIES, J. This is an indictment in three counts. The first charges a conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act of June 15, 1917 . . . by causing and attempting to cause insubordination, &c., in the military and naval forces of the United States, and to obstruct the recruiting and enlistment service of the United States, when the United States was at war with the German Empire, to wit, that the defendants willfully conspired to have printed and circulated to men who had been called and accepted for military service under the Act of May 18, 1917, a document set forth and alleged to be calculated to cause such insubordination and obstruction. The count alleges overt acts in pursuance of the conspiracy, ending in the distribution of the document set forth. . . . They set up the First Amendment to the Constitution forbidding Congress to make any law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, and bringing the case here on that ground have argued some other points also of which w e must dispose. It is argued that the evidence, if admissible, was not sufficient to prove that the defendant Schenck was concerned in sending the documents. According to the testimony Schenck said he was general secretary of the Socialist party and had charge of the Socialist headquarters from which the documents were sent. He identified a book found there as the minutes of the Executive Committee of the party The book showed a resolution of August 13, 1917, that 15,000 leaflets should be printed on the other side of one of them in use, to be mailed to men who had passed exemption boards, and for distribution. Schenck personally attended to the printing. On August 20 the general secretary's report said, "Obtained new leaflets from printer and started work addressing envelopes" &c.; and there was a resolve that Comrade Schenck be allowed $125 for sending leaflets through the mail. He said that he had about fifteen or sixteen thousand printed. There were files of the circular in questio n in the inner office which he said were printed on the other side of the one sided circular and were there for distribu|tion. Other copies were proved to have been sent through the mails to drafted men. With; out going into confirmatory details that were l proved, no reasonable man could doubt that the defendant Schenck was largely instrumental in sending the circulars about.

Admission Essay & Who is your biggest influence in life?

In my life, the most influential personality has been of my mother. She has been of great help to me throughout my life.   Because of a civil war in Ethiopia, my home country, my father was forced to flee to Sudan.   The wives and children of men who fled were dying of hunger and dehydration.  Even I would have met an unfortunate fate if my mother had not taken care of me. She sacrificed her belongings and happiness to nourish me. Because of all the things that she did for me, she has been the most influential personality in my life.For all the things that she has done for me, she has never asked for anything in return. She just wants to see me as a well-educated girl. She believes that education will be a key to success for me. She keeps reminding me that with education, I will be able to secure my future.My mother looks so happy when she talks about education and how it will benefit me in the future. She has been an inspiration for me throughout my life. It is because of her that I have reached this far.Eleven years after my father fled to Sudan, I and my mother came to America- the land of opportunities. I could not be happier than I was at the time when I saw my father.   Sometime after we came to America, my father passed away.I was then at the mercy of my mother who was very kind and supportive of me. She took great pains to bring me up in this big new country. It is because of all these things that I place a great value on my mother and have chosen her as a person who has had a great influence on me throughout my trying life.Why do you want to attend this school?When I was coming to America, I was excited about all the opportunities that awaited me here. One of them was the provision of quality education.I really looked forward to attending a reputed university. My parents have always dreamt of seeing me as a well-educated person. Before my father left this world, he always advised me to get good education. Now, I want to make my mother and decea sed father proud of me by obtaining quality education. To this end, UMass Boston is the gateway to my dream and I am determined to change my life.I want to attend UMass Boston for its diverse student body and high-quality faculty. While attending UMass Boston, I will avail the opportunity to be taught by the highly-esteemed faculty of yours.   A diverse student body will offer me a chance to learn from their rich experiences. I will also have an opportunity to study among students who will have an urge to learn.My financial standing does not allow me to pay a high fee of any institute but UMass Boston’s fee is affordable. So, another reason that I want to attend UMass Boston is its financial affordability.I am sure that my stay at UMass Boston will be a meaningful one. It will enable me to excel in my chosen field of study. I also believe that I will be a good addition to your university.